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ISACA CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor) Certification Exam is a globally recognized certification program that is designed to validate the skills and knowledge of professionals who are responsible for ensuring the security and integrity of information systems. The program is designed to equip professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge to manage risks, protect information assets, and ensure compliance with relevant regulations and industry standards.
NEW QUESTION # 480
Which of the following is an appropriate test method to apply to a business continuity plan (BCP)?
- A. System
- B. Unit
- C. Pilot
- D. Paper
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
A paper test is appropriate for testing a BCP. it is a walkthrough of the entire plan, or part of the plan,
involving major players in the plan's execution, who reason out what may happen in a particular disaster.
Choices A, C and D are not appropriate for a BCP.
NEW QUESTION # 481
Iptables is based on which of the following frameworks?
- A. NetSecure
- B. NetDoom
- C. NetCheck
- D. Netfilter
- E. None of the choices.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
ipchains is a free software based firewall running on earlier Linux. It is a rewrite of ipfwadm but is
superseded by iptables in Linux 2.4 and above.
Iptables controls the packet filtering and NAT components within the Linux kernel. It is based on Netfilter, a
framework which provides a set of hooks within the Linux kernel for intercepting and manipulating network
packets.
NEW QUESTION # 482
An IS auditor is reviewing standards and compliance requirements related to an upcoming systems audit.
The auditor notes that the industry standards are less stringent than local regulatory standards. How should the auditor proceed?
- A. Audit to the standards with the highest requirements.
- B. Audit exclusively to the industry standards.
- C. Coordinate with regulatory officers to determine necessary requirements.
- D. Audit to the policies and procedures of the organization.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Governance and Management of IT
NEW QUESTION # 483
Which of the following method of expressing knowledge base consist of a graph in which nodes represent physical or conceptual objects and the arcs describes the relationship between nodes?
- A. Rules
- B. Decision tree
- C. Semantic nets
- D. Knowledge interface
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Information System Acquisition, Development and Implementation Explanation:
Semantic nets consist of a graph in which the node represent physical or conceptual object and the arcs describe the relationship between the nodes.
For CISA Exam you should know below information about Artificial Intelligence and Expert System Artificial intelligence is the study and application of the principles by which:
Knowledge is acquired and used
Goals are generated and achieved
Information is communicated
Collaboration is achieved
Concepts are formed
Languages are developed
Two main programming languages that have been developed for artificial intelligence are LISP and PROLOG.
Expert system are compromised primary components, called shells, when they are not populated with particular data, and the shells are designed to host new expert system.
Keys to the system is the knowledge base (KB), which contains specific information or fact patterns associated with a particular subject matter and the rule for interpreting these facts. The KB interface with a database in obtaining data to analyze a particular problem in deriving an expert conclusion. The information in the KB can be expressed in several ways:
Decision Tree - Using questionnaires to lead the user through a series of choices, until a conclusion is reached. Flexibility is compromised because the user must answer the questions in an exact sequence.
Rule - Expressing declarative knowledge through the use of if-then relationships. For example, if a patient's body temperature is over 39 degrees Celsius and their pulse is under 60, then they might be suffering from a certain disease.
Semantic nets - Consist of a graph in which the node represent physical or conceptual object and the arcs describe the relationship between the nodes. Semantic nets resemble a data flow diagram and make use of an inheritance mechanism to prevent duplication of a data.
Additionally, the inference engine shown is a program that uses the KB and determines the most appropriate outcome based on the information supplied by the user. In addition, an expert system includes the following components Knowledge interface - Allows the expert to enter knowledge into the system without the traditional mediation of a software engineer.
Data Interface - Enables the expert system to collect data from nonhuman sources, such as measurement instruments in a power plant.
The following were incorrect answers:
Decision Tree - Using questionnaires to lead the user through a series of choices, until a conclusion is reached. Flexibility is compromised because the user must answer the questions in an exact sequence.
Rule - Expressing declarative knowledge through the use of if-then relationships.
Semantic nets - Semantic nets consist of a graph in which the node represent physical or conceptual object and the arcs describe the relationship between the nodes.
Reference:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 187
NEW QUESTION # 484
Which of the following is MOST important for an IS auditor to verify when evaluating an organization's data conversion and infrastructure migration plan?
- A. Strategic: goals have been considered.
- B. A rollback plan is included.
- C. A migration steering committee has been formed.
- D. A code check review is included.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 485
When should systems administrators first assess the impact of applications or systems patches?
- A. Prior to installation
- B. No sooner than five business days following installation
- C. Within five business days following installation
- D. Immediately following installation
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Systems administrators should always assess the impact of patches before installation.
NEW QUESTION # 486
Which of the following poses the GREATEST risk to the enforceability of networking policies in a virtualized environment?
- A. Use of a public key infrastructure
- B. Lack of encryption for data at rest
- C. Transmission of data on public networks
- D. Lack of visibility into the networks
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 487
Audit frameworks cart assist the IS audit function by:
- A. providing details on how to execute the audit program.
- B. providing direction and information regarding the performance of audits.
- C. outlining the specific steps needed to complete audits
- D. defining the authority and responsibility of the IS audit function.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Audit frameworks can assist the IS audit function by providing direction and information regarding the performance of audits. Audit frameworks are sets of standards, guidelines, and best practices that help IS auditors plan, conduct, and report on their audit engagements. Audit frameworks can help IS auditors ensure the quality, consistency, and professionalism of their audit work, as well as comply with the expectations and requirements of the stakeholders and regulators. Audit frameworks can also help IS auditors address the specific challenges and risks of auditing information systems and technology.
Defining the authority and responsibility of the IS audit function is not a way that audit frameworks can assist the IS audit function, but rather a way that the IS audit charter can assist the IS audit function. The IS audit charter is a document that defines the purpose, scope, objectives, and authority of the IS audit function within the organization. The IS audit charter can help IS auditors establish their role and position in relation to other functions and departments, as well as clarify their rights and obligations.
Providing details on how to execute the audit program is not a way that audit frameworks can assist the IS audit function, but rather a way that the audit methodology can assist the IS audit function. The audit methodology is a set of procedures and techniques that guide IS auditors in performing their audit tasks and activities. The audit methodology can help IS auditors apply a systematic and structured approach to their audit work, as well as use appropriate tools and methods to collect and analyze evidence.
Outlining the specific steps needed to complete audits is not a way that audit frameworks can assist the IS audit function, but rather a way that the audit plan can assist the IS audit function. The audit plan is a document that describes the scope, objectives, timeline, resources, and deliverables of a specific audit engagement. The audit plan can help IS auditors organize and manage their audit work, as well as communicate their expectations and responsibilities to the auditees.
References:
ISACA, CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, 2019, p. 51 1
Understanding Project Audit Frameworks - Wolters Kluwer 2
How to Implement a Robust Audit Framework - Insights - Metricstream 3
What Is The Internal Audit Function? An Accurate Definition Of The
NEW QUESTION # 488
Which of the following is MOST important to include in security awareness training?
- A. Descriptions of the organization's security infrastructure
- B. The importance of complex passwords
- C. How to respond to various types of suspicious activity
- D. Contact information for the organization's security team
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most important thing to include in security awareness training is how to respond to various types of suspicious activity. Security awareness training is a program that educates employees about the importance of security and how to avoid common threats and risks. One of the main objectives of security awareness training is to enable employees to recognize and report any signs of malicious or unauthorized activity, such as phishing emails, malware infections, data breaches, or social engineering attempts. By teaching employees how to respond to various types of suspicious activity, security awareness training can help to prevent or mitigate the impact of security incidents, protect the organization's assets and reputation, and comply with legal and regulatory requirements.
The other options are not as important as option A. The importance of complex passwords is a useful topic, but not the most important thing to include in security awareness training. Complex passwords are passwords that are hard to guess or crack by using a combination of letters, numbers, symbols, and cases. Complex passwords can help to protect user accounts and data from unauthorized access, but they are not sufficient to prevent all types of security incidents. Moreover, complex passwords may be difficult to remember or manage by users, and may require additional measures such as password managers or multi-factor authentication.
Descriptions of the organization's security infrastructure is a technical topic, but not the most important thing to include in security awareness training. Security infrastructure is the set of hardware, software, policies, and procedures that provide the foundation for the organization's security posture and capabilities. Security infrastructure may include firewalls, antivirus software, encryption tools, access control systems, backup systems, etc. Descriptions of the organization's security infrastructure may be relevant for some employees who are involved in security operations or administration, but they may not be necessary or understandable for all employees who need security awareness training. Contact information for the organization's security team is a practical detail, but not the most important thing to include in security awareness training. Security team is the group of people who are responsible for planning, implementing, monitoring, and improving the organization's security strategy and activities. Contact information for the organization's security team may be useful for employees who need to report or escalate a security issue or request a security service or support.
However, contact information for the organization's security team is not enough to ensure that employees know how to respond to various types of suspicious activity. References: Security Awareness Training | SANS Security Awareness, Security AwarenessTraining | KnowBe4, SecurityAwareness Training Course (ISC) | Coursera
NEW QUESTION # 489
Which of the following is the BEST method to delete sensitive information from storage media that will be reused?
- A. Crypto-shredding
- B. Re-partitioning
- C. Multiple-overwriting
- D. Reformatting
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 490
Over the long term, which of the following has the greatest potential to improve the security incident response process?
- A. Postevent reviews by the incident response team
- B. A walkthrough review of incident response procedures
- C. Documenting responses to an incident
- D. Ongoing security training for users
Answer: A
Explanation:
Postevent reviews to find the gaps and shortcomings in the actual incident response processes will help to improve the process over time. Choices A, C and D are desirable actions, but postevent reviews are the most reliable mechanism for improving security incident response processes.
NEW QUESTION # 491
Which of the following should be seen as one of the most significant factors considered when determining the frequency of IS audits within your organization?
- A. The income generated by the business function
- B. The cost of risk analysis
- C. The nature and level of risk
- D. Resource allocation strategy
- E. None of the choices.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
You use a risk assessment process to describe and analyze the potential audit risks inherent in a given line of business. You should update such risk assessment at least annually to reflect changes. The level and nature of risk should be the most significant factors to be considered when determining the frequency of audits.
NEW QUESTION # 492
Which of the following should an IS auditor do FIRST when assessing an organization's ability to effectively secure its data?
- A. Ensure that high-risk data has been encrypted and secured.
- B. Ensure that data is accessible to key personnel.
- C. Ensure management has identified the data and where it resides. Most Voted
- D. Ensure management has properly classified the data.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 493
To develop a successful business continuity plan, end user involvement is critical during which of the following phases?
- A. Business impact analysis (BIA)
- B. Detailed plan development
- C. Business recovery strategy
- D. Testing and maintenance
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
End user involvement is critical in the BIA phase. During this phase the current operations of the business needs to be understood and the impact on the business of various disasters must be evaluated. End users are the appropriate persons to provide relevant information for these tasks, inadequate end user involvement in this stage could result in an inadequate understanding of business priorities and the plan not meeting the requirements of the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 494
Which of the following attack includes social engineering, link manipulation or web site forgery techniques?
- A. surf attack
- B. Interrupt attack
- C. Phishing
- D. Traffic analysis
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Phishing technique include social engineering, link manipulation or web site forgery techniques.
For your exam you should know the information below:
Phishing is the attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and sometimes, indirectly, money) by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Communications purporting to be from popular social web sites, auction sites, banks, online payment processors or IT administrators are commonly used to lure unsuspecting public. Phishing emails may contain links to websites that are infected with malware. Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one. Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to deceive users, and exploits the poor usability of current web security technologies.
Attempts to deal with the growing number of reported phishing incidents include legislation, user training, public awareness, and technical security measures.
Spear phishing - Phishing attempts directed at specific individuals or companies have been termed spear phishing. Attackers may gather personal information about their target to increase their probability of success.
Link manipulation
Most methods of phishing use some form of technical deception designed to make a link in an email (and the spoofed website it leads to) appear to belong to the spoofed organization. Misspelled URLs or the use of sub domains are common tricks used by phishes. In the following example URL, http:// www.yourbank.example.com/, it appears as though the URL will take you to the example section of the your bank website; actually this URL points to the "your bank" (i.e. phishing) section of the example website. Another common trick is to make the displayed text for a link (the text between the tags) suggest a reliable destination, when the link actually goes to the phishes' site. The following example link, // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine, appears to direct the user to an article entitled "Genuine"; clicking on it will in fact take the user to the article entitled "Deception". In the lower left hand corner of most browsers users can preview and verify where the link is going to take them. Hovering your cursor over the link for a couple of seconds may do a similar thing, but this can still be set by the phishes through the HTML tooltip tag.
Website forgery
Once a victim visits the phishing website, the deception is not over. Some phishing scams use JavaScript commands in order to alter the address bar. This is done either by placing a picture of a legitimate URL over the address bar, or by closing the original bar and opening up a new one with the legitimate URL.
An attacker can even use flaws in a trusted website's own scripts against the victim. These types of attacks (known as cross-site scripting) are particularly problematic, because they direct the user to sign in at their bank or service's own web page, where everything from the web address to the security certificates appears correct. In reality, the link to the website is crafted to carry out the attack, making it very difficult to spot without specialist knowledge.
The following answers are incorrect:
Smurf Attack - Occurs when mix-configured network device allow packet to be sent to all hosts on a particular network via the broadcast address of the network Traffic analysis - is the process of intercepting and examining messages in order to deduce information from patterns in communication. It can be performed even when the messages are encrypted and cannot be decrypted. In general, the greater the number of messages observed, or even intercepted and stored, the more can be inferred from the traffic. Traffic analysis can be performed in the context of military intelligence, counter-intelligence, or pattern-of-life analysis, and is a concern in computer security.
Interrupt attack- Interrupt attack occurs when a malicious action is performed by invoking the operating system to execute a particular system call.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 323
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 493
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing
NEW QUESTION # 495
An employee approaches an IS auditor and expresses concern about a critical security issue in a newly installed application. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate action for the auditor to take?
- A. Discuss the concern with additional end users.
- B. Recommend reverting to the previous application.
- C. Immediately conduct a review of the application.
- D. Discuss the concern with audit management
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 496
Which of the following protocols should be used when transferring data via the Internet?
- A. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
- B. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- C. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- D. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 497
......
The CISA certification is highly valued in the industry, and holders of the certification are in high demand. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification is recognized globally and is often a requirement for employment in the field of information systems auditing, control, and security. The CISA certification is also an excellent way for professionals to demonstrate their commitment to ongoing professional development and their dedication to the highest standards of information systems auditing, control, and security. In addition, the certification provides professionals with access to a global network of peers and resources that can help them stay current with the latest trends and best practices in the field.
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